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By NATHAN REIFF Updated July 07, 2023
Reviewed by CHIP STAPLETON
Fact checked by VIKKI VELASQUEZ
The S&P 500 consists of 500 companies that issue a total of 503 stocks as of July 31, 2023, as some companies, such as Alphabet, have issued multiple classes of shares. The top 10 largest holdings are listed on the official S&P Global website. An S&P 500 company must meet specific requirements to be included as a constituent within the index.
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However, S&P does not currently provide the total list of holdings, at least not for free. Subscribers to S&P's research unit, Capital IQ, can get access to the entire list. S&P 500 companies represent the top companies within their industries and are a gauge of U.S. economic activity.
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KEY TAKEAWAYS
The S&P 500 includes some of the top companies that are leaders within their industries and represent a gauge of the U.S. economy.
Companies must meet certain requirement criteria, which are determined by the publishers of the index before being added to the S&P.
The S&P 500 index is market capitalization-weighted, where it gives a higher percentage allocation to companies with the largest market cap.
To join the S&P 500, a stock must meet certain criteria, including a total market cap of $14.5 billion.
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Companies may be removed from the S&P 500 if they deviate substantially from these standards.
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SELECT A STOCK
 
TSLA
TESLA INC
 
AAPL
APPLE INC
 
NKE
NIKE INC
 
AMZN
AMAZON.COM, INC
 
WMT
WALMART INC
SELECT INVESTMENT AMOUNT
$
1000
SELECT A PURCHASE DATE
 
5 years ago
CALCULATE
S&P 500 Inclusion Criteria
The S&P 500 was created in 1957 and is one of the most widely quoted stock market indexes. S&P 500 stocks represent the largest publicly-traded companies in the U.S. The S&P 500 focuses on the U.S. market's large-cap sector.
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An S&P 500 company must meet a broad set of criteria to be added to the index, including the following:
 
A total market capitalization of at least $14.5 billion
Must be a U.S. company
A float-adjusted liquidity ratio (FALR) greater than or equal to 0.75
A positive sum of the most recent four consecutive quarters of trailing earnings
Positive earnings for its most recent quarter
Must meet certain liquidity requirements
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Companies may be removed from the S&P 500 if they deviate substantially from these standards.
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$40.3 Trillion
The total combined market cap of the 503 constituents in the S&P 500 as of July 31, 2023.
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S&P 500 Calculation
The S&P 500 is a free-float market capitalization-weighted index. Market capitalization represents the total dollar market value of a company's outstanding equity shares. Market cap is calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares of stock by the company's current stock price. For example, a company with 20 million shares outstanding in which its stock is selling for $100 per share would have a market cap of $2 billion.
 
As a result, the more valuable an individual company's stock becomes, the more it contributes to the S&P 500's overall return. It is not uncommon for three-quarters of the index's return to be linked to only 50 to 75 stocks.
 
Therefore, the addition or subtraction of smaller companies from the index will not have a noticeable impact on the overall return of the index; however, the removal or addition of even just one of the largest stocks can have a major impact.
 
S&P 500 Sector Breakdown
Below are the top sectors and their weightings within the S&P 500 index as of July 31, 2023.
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S&P 500 Sector Weighting
 Sector       Index Weighting
Information Technology 28.1%
Healthcare 13.1%
Financials   12.6%
Consumer Discretionary        10.6%
Communication Services       8.7%
Industrials  8.5%
Consumer Staples        6.6%
Energy       4.3%
Utilities       2.6%
Materials    2.5%
Real Estate          2.5%
Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices
Being aware of the S&P's sector weighting is important because sectors with a smaller weighting may not have a material impact on the value of the overall index—even if they're outperforming or underperforming the market.
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For example, if oil prices are rising, leading to increased profits for the energy sector, those stocks represent only 4.5% of the S&P 500. As a result, oil stocks may not lead to a higher S&P if, for example, the more heavily weighted information technology sector is underperforming.
 
 S&P 500 components are weighted by free-float market capitalization, which means that larger companies can affect the value of the index to a greater degree.
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Top 25 Components by Market Cap
Because the exact weightings of the top 25 components are not available from S&P directly, the weightings below are from the SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF (SPY). SPY is the oldest exchange-traded fund (ETF) that tracks the S&P 500 and holds $403.8 billion in assets under management (AUM) as of Aug. 25, 2023, and is highly traded.